Photoshop uses its VM to manage document data, especially image data, all of the undo history and state, as well as the working storage for the current command. To solve the problem of the app exceeding the available amount of RAM, Photoshop implemented a software virtual memory system (VM). A 300 dpi full page image in CMYK is approximately 32 MB uncompressed. However, if they use too much memory, they may be penalized by the runtime platform or may run out of memory, resulting in failures.Īs a historical note, the original problem that Photoshop needed to solve was editing print resolution files on early versions of macOS, as low as 1 MB for the OS and all applications. This generally allows them to provide the best performance to their users. Ideally, applications would use as much memory as they need. On top of that, modern virtual systems have upper limits that are easily exceeded by Photoshop requirements. This support varies by operating system and runtime, as in the case of WebAssembly, may not be readily accessible or usable by applications. Many of these platforms also support virtual memory, which allows an application to use more memory than is physically available. The amount of memory also varies from device to device, as you know when you order a new computer or device and specify the amount of Random-Access Memory (RAM) desired. Some are more generous than others in how much memory they make available to applications. Thus, the history can grow to several hundred megabytes or many gigabytes of data.ĭevices and platforms, be they desktop machines, mobile devices or browsers, all manage memory. Making these edits in a long editing session yields large amounts of pixel data that must be kept around to support undo operations. That is, making an edit such as painting with a brush will result in new pixel data which can be just as large as the original pixel data. Many operations in Photoshop are what we call destructive operations. Photoshop supports a very large undo history. As a result, the amount of memory required can be several times more than the amount of space a document uses on disk or in cloud storage. When a file or document is read, all of the image data is decompressed to allow for more efficient processing. The Photoshop file format stores data with lossless compression. The files edited in Photoshop often require more memory than a user has available on their device, due to the many features offered by the software, the types of digital design and editing it is used for, and the capabilities of user devices. Opening a file for editing requires a large amount of memory, significantly more than opening a file for viewing. And, in the case of WebAssembly, how Photoshop works with files larger than the 32-bit address space of wasm32. In this article, we want to focus on how Adobe Photoshop engineering solved working with files larger than can fit into memory. The software makes innovative use of WebAssembly with features like SIMD, high performance storage in the origin private file system, the P3 color space for canvas, and Web Components with Lit. In 2021, Adobe, together with Chrome engineering, brought a version of Photoshop to the web.
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